Whether we work with children or adults, in education or in a health or social care setting, clear communication is a key component of any effective positive behaviour approach.
However, for individuals with English as a second or additional language, there can sometimes be a language barrier. As a result, communication can be compromised (especially in relation to verbal, language-based exchanges), so it is essential that we explore ways to support these individuals, both on an everyday basis and, crucially, when they are in distress.
Download our guide to multilingual communication.
A language barrier can be challenging, and spoken language can often be particularly problematic for speakers of other languages. If an individual is not fluent in English, they may struggle to articulate their thoughts, needs and feelings clearly (known as expressive communication). This can leave them feeling anxious and frustrated, and may result in behaviour that needs support, if their needs are not met. They may also struggle to interpret what is being said to them (receptive communication), leading to deep-rooted feelings of disconnection and isolation.
The language barrier is compounded when an individual is in distress. When we are in a heightened state, our ability to interpret language and express ourselves verbally diminishes, as the brain’s prefrontal cortex shuts down. Individuals with English as an additional language may then find themselves in a challenging situation where they do not understand verbal interactions, and revert to their native language or behaviour of concern to try and express their needs. These blocked channels of communication can lead to escalation and the likelihood of an incident.
Whilst de-escalation is achievable in the short term, the long-term consequences of impaired communication, both expressive and receptive, can be severe and include social isolation, self-exclusion and feelings of disenfranchisement.
Many of the strategies listed below apply to all individuals, whether English is their first language or not; however, we may need to tailor some of the methods when supporting those with English as an additional language.
Total communication uses a blend of language-based communication, non-verbal cues, and symbol systems to enable individuals to express themselves: signs, pictures, photographs, posters, Makaton, lip reading, eye pointing, objects of reference, and clear, concise language, to name but a few. It may also involve adapting the environment to facilitate easier interactions: adjusting the lighting; reducing background noise; and removing any clutter or distractions.
When total communication is the bedrock of our organisation, we can more readily provide a safe, positive and inclusive environment for all. By using an appropriate range of strategies and methods, we can facilitate connection and ensure that everyone across our community has a voice.
Watch our video about communication preferences and download the accompanying resource pack.
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